如何将简单的Soundex编码算法应用于Python程序

如何将简单的Soundex编码算法应用于Python程序

Soundex 是一种将单词（尤其是姓名）编码成表示其发音的字母数字模式的算法。它广泛用于语音应用中，尤其是在数据库搜索中，可以帮助减少由于拼写不同而导致的匹配错误。

1、问题背景

美国人口普查局使用一种称为“Soundex”的特殊编码来定位有关人员的信息。Soundex 是一种基于姓氏发音而不是拼写方式的姓氏编码。听起来相同但拼写不同的姓氏，如 SMITH 和 SMYTH，具有相同的代码并归档在一起。开发 Soundex 编码系统是为了即使姓氏可能以不同的拼写记录，您也可以到该姓氏。

2、解决方案

为了解决这一问题，您需要遵循以下步骤：

• 设计一个程序来生成 Soundex 代码
  • 该程序应该能够从用户那里获取姓氏作为输入，并输出相应的代码。
• 编码程序应该遵循基本的 Soundex 编码规则
  • 每个 Soundex 编码的姓氏都由一个字母和三个数字组成。
  • 使用的字母始终是姓氏的第一个字母。
  • 其余字母根据下面的 Soundex 指南分配数字。
  • 如果有必要，在结尾添加零以始终产生四字符代码。
  • 忽略其他字母。
• 遵循 个额外的 Soundex 编码规则
  • 规则 1：如果姓氏有任何双字母，它们应该被视为一个字母。
  • 规则 2：如果姓氏中有相邻的不同字母在 Soundex 编码指南中具有相同的数字，则应将它们视为一个字母
  • 规则 ：辅音分隔符：
    • .a 如果一个元音 (A, E, I, O, U) 分隔了两个具有相同 Soundex 代码的辅音，则对元音右侧的辅音进行编码。
    • .b 如果“H”或“W”分隔了两个具有相同 Soundex 代码的辅音，则不编码右侧的辅音。

以下是如何将 Soundex 编码算法应用于 Python 程序的示例代码：

def soundex(surname):
  # 将姓氏转换为大写
  surname = surname.upper()
​
  # 初始化输出字符串
  outstring = ""
​
  # 将姓氏的第一个字母添加到输出字符串
  outstring = outstring + surname[0]
​
  # 循环遍历姓氏的其余字母
  for i in range(1, len(surname)):
    # 获取下一个字母
    nextletter = surname[i]
​
    # 根据 Soundex 指南将字母编码为数字
    if nextletter in ['B', 'F', 'P', 'V']:
      outstring = outstring + '1'
​
    elif nextletter in ['C', 'G', 'J', 'K', 'Q', 'S', 'X', 'Z']:
      outstring = outstring + '2'
​
    elif nextletter in ['D', 'T']:
      outstring = outstring + ''
​
    elif nextletter in ['L']:
      outstring = outstring + '4'
​
    elif nextletter in ['M', '']:
      outstring = outstring + '5'
​
    elif nextletter in ['R']:
      outstring = outstring + '6'
​
  # 应用 Soundex 编码规则
  # 规则 1：如果姓氏有任何双字母，它们应该被视为一个字母。
  outstring = outstring.replace('BB', 'B')
  outstring = outstring.replace('CC', 'C')
  outstring = outstring.replace('DD', 'D')
  outstring = outstring.replace('FF', 'F')
  outstring = outstring.replace('GG', 'G')
  outstring = outstring.replace('HH', 'H')
  outstring = outstring.replace('JJ', 'J')
  outstring = outstring.replace('KK', 'K')
  outstring = outstring.replace('LL', 'L')
  outstring = outstring.replace('MM', 'M')
  outstring = outstring.replace('', '')
  outstring = outstring.replace('PP', 'P')
  outstring = outstring.replace('QQ', 'Q')
  outstring = outstring.replace('RR', 'R')
  outstring = outstring.replace('SS', 'S')
  outstring = outstring.replace('TT', 'T')
  outstring = outstring.replace('VV', 'V')
  outstring = outstring.replace('WW', 'W')
  outstring = outstring.replace('XX', 'X')
  outstring = outstring.replace('YY', 'Y')
  outstring = outstring.replace('ZZ', 'Z')
​
  # 规则 2：如果姓氏中有相邻的不同字母在 Soundex 编码指南中具有相同的数字，则应将它们视为一个字母。
  outstring = outstring.replace('BFPV', '1')
  outstring = outstring.replace('CGJKQSXZ', '2')
  outstring = outstring.replace('DT', '')
  outstring = outstring.replace('L', '4')
  outstring = outstring.replace('M', '5')
  outstring = outstring.replace('R', '6')
​
  # 规则 ：辅音分隔符
  # .a 如果一个元音 (A, E, I, O, U) 分隔了两个具有相同 Soundex 代码的辅音，则对元音右侧的辅音进行编码。
  outstring = outstring.replace('A1', '1')
  outstring = outstring.replace('E1', '1')
  outstring = outstring.replace('I1', '1')
  outstring = outstring.replace('O1', '1')
  outstring = outstring.replace('U1', '1')
  outstring = outstring.replace('A2', '2')
  outstring = outstring.replace('E2', '2')
  outstring = outstring.replace('I2', '2')
  outstring = outstring.replace('O2', '2')
  outstring = outstring.replace('U2', '2')
  outstring = outstring.replace('A', '')
  outstring = outstring.replace('E', '')
  outstring = outstring.replace('I', '')
  outstring = outstring.replace('O', '')
  outstring = outstring.replace('U', '')
  outstring = outstring.replace('A4', '4')
  outstring = outstring.replace('E4', '4')
  outstring = outstring.replace('I4', '4')
  outstring = outstring.replace('O4', '4')
  outstring = outstring.replace('U4', '4')
  outstring = outstring.replace('A5', '5')
  outstring = outstring.replace('E5', '5')
  outstring = outstring.replace('I5', '5')
  outstring = outstring.replace('O5', '5')
  outstring = outstring.replace('U5', '5')
  outstring = outstring.replace('A6', '6')
  outstring = outstring.replace('E6', '6')
  outstring = outstring.replace('I6', '6')
  outstring = outstring.replace('O6', '6')
  outstring = outstring.replace('U6', '6')
​
  # .b 如果“H”或“W”分隔了两个具有相同 Soundex 代码的辅音，则不编码右侧的辅音。
  outstring = outstring.replace('BHF', '1')
  outstring = outstring.replace('BHP', '1')
  outstring = outstring.replace('BHW', '1')
  outstring = outstring.replace('CGJ', '2')
  outstring = outstring.replace('CGK', '2')
  outstring = outstring.replace('CGQ', '2')
  outstring = outstring.replace('CGX', '2')
  outstring = outstring.replace('CGW', '2')
  outstring = outstring.replace('DRT', '')
  outstring = outstring.replace('DTH', '')
  outstring = outstring.replace('DHR', '')
  outstring = outstring.replace('DHW', '')
​
  # 添加零以产生四字符代码
  if len(outstring) < 4:
    outstring = outstring + '0' * (4 - len(outstring))
​
  # 返回 Soundex 代码
  return outstring
​
​
# 获取用户输入的姓氏
surname = input("Please enter surname:")
​
# 调用 soundex() 函数生成 Soundex 代码
soundex_code = soundex(surname)
​
# 打印 Soundex

再实际操作中我们可以使用这个函数来对姓名或其他单词进行 Soundex 编码，从而检查它们的发音相似性。这个实现是基于最基本的 Soundex 规则，对于更复杂的用例或更高级的音位相似性检测，我们可能需要调整或扩展这些规则。